Friedman writes that the world is now entering the era of “Globalization 3.0,” following Globalization 1.0 ,which ran from 1492 until 1800 and was driven by countries’ sheer brawn , and Globalization 2.0, in which “ the key agent of change , the dynamic force driving global integration , was multinational companies” driven to look abroad for marketers and labour, spurred by industrial-age “breakthoughts in hardware” such as steamships , trains , phones and computers . That epoch ended around 2000, replaced by on in which individuals are the main agents doing the globalizing , pushed by “not horsepower , and not hardware , but software” and a “global fiber optic network that has made us all next door neighbours “. If the first two eras were driven mostly by Europeans and Americans , the third is open to “every colour of the human rainbow”
In particular , Friedman is obsessed with one of the great economic phenomena of our day the outsourcing of the U.S economy’s service and information technology work to India , China ,and elsewhere. The reason that Indian accounting firms are expected to do about 4,00,000 American tax returns this year , that small U.S hospitals have their CAT scans read in the wee hours by Indian or Australian radiologists known as the “ Nighthawks ,” or that Chinese port city of Dalian is taking outsourced work from its former imperial masters in Japan, Friedman argues, is that the world is undergoing “one of those fundamental changes- like the rise of the nation state or the Industrial Revolution “ – That transform the roles of individuals , governments and societies .
The world was flattened , he writes , by 10 forces , including the fall of the Berlin Wall and the discrediting of Soviet Style command economies , the 1995 Netscape IPO , which opened up the Internet for easy browsing , the dot-com era over investment in the fiber optic cables that such globalizing hubs as Bangalore, and Shenzhen , China , rely upon to cheaply transmit data around the planet , search engines like Google , most of whose queries are no longer in English , and such flat world “steroids” and PalmPilots , tiny laptops and wireless technology that lets one of Friedman’s colleagues merrily e-mail from abroad a Japanese bullet train . “The ‘ Hot line’ , which used to connect the Kremlin with the White House ,” Friedman writes, “ has been replaced by the ‘ help lime ,’ which connects everyone in America to call centres in Bangalore.”
Even as these forces levelled the playing field , Friedman notes, some 3 billion people were rushing onto it- from China , India ,the former Soviet Union and other countries whose economies had thrown off socialism.
In particular , Friedman is obsessed with one of the great economic phenomena of our day the outsourcing of the U.S economy’s service and information technology work to India , China ,and elsewhere. The reason that Indian accounting firms are expected to do about 4,00,000 American tax returns this year , that small U.S hospitals have their CAT scans read in the wee hours by Indian or Australian radiologists known as the “ Nighthawks ,” or that Chinese port city of Dalian is taking outsourced work from its former imperial masters in Japan, Friedman argues, is that the world is undergoing “one of those fundamental changes- like the rise of the nation state or the Industrial Revolution “ – That transform the roles of individuals , governments and societies .
The world was flattened , he writes , by 10 forces , including the fall of the Berlin Wall and the discrediting of Soviet Style command economies , the 1995 Netscape IPO , which opened up the Internet for easy browsing , the dot-com era over investment in the fiber optic cables that such globalizing hubs as Bangalore, and Shenzhen , China , rely upon to cheaply transmit data around the planet , search engines like Google , most of whose queries are no longer in English , and such flat world “steroids” and PalmPilots , tiny laptops and wireless technology that lets one of Friedman’s colleagues merrily e-mail from abroad a Japanese bullet train . “The ‘ Hot line’ , which used to connect the Kremlin with the White House ,” Friedman writes, “ has been replaced by the ‘ help lime ,’ which connects everyone in America to call centres in Bangalore.”
Even as these forces levelled the playing field , Friedman notes, some 3 billion people were rushing onto it- from China , India ,the former Soviet Union and other countries whose economies had thrown off socialism.
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